Evolution is Everywhere

Evolution is one of my great interests. I've noticed lately how evolution is implied in so much, and well beyond biology. It is found in social environments, and in business. It is possibly everywhere. Today's link shows how the same ecological process, operating in opposite directions, can be found in fiction and in non-fiction.

I'm currently reading The Long Tail by Chris Anderson, editor of Wired. The title refers to the huge number of products that sell rarely if at all. However, the internet economy has now made these items viable products. The business opportunities represented by these goods are collectively comparable to the few 'hits' at the 'head' of the distribution. (See the figure, below, from www.thelongtail.com, Anderson's website.) At one point in the book, Anderson describes these goods in ecological terms. It's as if the top-selling products were always there as islands that show above the water line. Now the ocean is receding, and revealing all those other items that are now available. I read this as saying that many niches are now viable business opportunities.

What about the opposite situation? In the novel Galapagos, Kurt Vonnegut describes what happens when a group of tourists are stranded on an island while the rest of the human race contracts a mysterious disease that prevents them from reproducing. In technical terms, the genetic pool is dramatically bottlenecked. Vonnegut mashes up time and space and life and death and ghosts in his usual hilarious format, and describes how an accident saves the human race, but leads to an unusual evolutionary twist.

Weak Links in Politics

I'm going to start a new series of posts on this blog. I'll occasionally post about how the power of weak links is being ignored. Now that I'm thinking about weak links, I see it all around me. Here's one example that I feel is relevent as we lead up to the presidential elections later in the year: the left and right of the political spectrum do not listen to one another. Now, this may not be shocking, but it has important implications. How can consensus-driven, non-partisan politics succeed, without communication? Here's the evidence for this claim.

1) A recent study of links between politically-oriented blogs was carried out by Lada Adamic and Natalie Glance (see the complete study in pdf, and a blog that discusses the study). These researchers showed that blogs fail to link to blogs of the opposite political orientation. The following figure shows the links between top twenty political blogs from each side of the aisle, such that only connections of five or greater links in either direction are shown. Note that connections are robust within one political affiliation, but extremely rare across the aisle.

But that's the political wonks that have highly trafficked blogs. What do people actually read about?

2) One way to study what people are interested in is to look at what they buy together. Valdis Krebs did just that, using web-based bookseller data. He identified political books from the New York Times bestseller list, and looked for incidences of co-purchase, that is, 'someone who bought book x also bought book y'. Here's the data:


There are only a couple of books that bridge the left-right divide! People are reading only what they already agree with and know.

Again, I don't think this is surprising, but it has important implications. There's no chance of communication under these circumstances. And no chance of consensus-building, and not even a good chance of negotiation or compromise. In a broader context, this is dramatic evidence of the difficulty of finding, considering and integrating new ideas.

This is a sort of confirmation bias, which I learned about in The Black Swan. People tend to look for evidence that supports their hypotheses or beliefs. But the better test would be to look for counterevidence. This is analogous to exactly what people are not doing when considering their politics: listening to counterarguments, carefully considering them, and then either changing opinions or figuring out what the problem is with the political argument.

The Heart and Mind

I previously discussed the Edge books: smart, brief discussions about a variety of topics. In particular, What Are You Optimistic About? is interesting in how it allows the thought leaders of today to explain why the future is actually getting better. In a time like ours, which I see as fairly pessimistic, this is a great read. The inspiration for today's link is how this book is a collection of brief essays: each entry is no more than a couple of pages long, and many are significantly shorter. It's a buffet for your brain: a little Jared Diamond, some Judith Rich Harris, a dash of Steven Pinker, Richard Dawkins, Brian Greene, and many others...

The movie Paris, Je T'Aime is a group of vignettes, each with a very small cast, and each by a different director. Most are interesting and touching, and they all take place, of course, in Paris. There are 18 vignettes, each in a different arrondissment, and each with a distinct feel. There's Olivier Assayas, Alfonso Cuarón, the Coen brothers, Tom Tykwer, and Gus van Sant. There's Juliette Binoche (of course!), Nick Nolte, Natalie Portman, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Elijah Wood and Steve Buscemi. It was really fun to watch the incredible cast and phenomenal group of directors have a go at conveying the feel of Paris.

Got growl?

You know how a remake is usually not as good as the original? And how this is usually true regardless of whether the remake is in the same medium, or in a new one? (Song to song, or book to movie, for example.) Well, I thought of two songs where the remake is superior to the original, and in both cases, it's entirely because the remake has the growl that each song needs.

The original version of Anarchy in the UK is a punk anthem. Originally by the Sex Pistols, it's been covered several times. Of the versions that I'm familiar with, I think that Dave Mustaine of Megadeth brings the real growl that is needed. The Sex Pistols had attitude, but they also had more whine than bark. Mustaine sounds like a mean dog.

(I also want to give props to X Japan for their cover of Anarchy in the UK in collaboration with Luna Sea. Pretty wild.)

The connection that I'm going to make is to a remake of Stone Cold Crazy, originally by Queen and covered by Metallica. With all respect to Freddie Mercury, he just can't produce the guttural sounds that James Hetfield can. It's a hard-driving song that seems out of place in the Queen repertoire, but fits the Metallica style really well. In the version below, Hetfield is performing with the surviving members of Queen at the Freddie Mercury tribute concert.

Geek MBA

I just got some news that saddened my geeky soul. Gary Gygax, the creator of the role-playing game Dungeons and Dragons, passed away this past week (NY Times Obituary). While it's been years since I've played, there's definitely still a soft spot in me for one of the great pasttimes of my geeky adolescence.

In that spirit, I'd like to make a connection that was really surprising to me when it first came up (but is perhaps obvious in hindsight). With the rising popularity of massive, multiuser online games such as World of Warcraft, it was perhaps inevitable that the skills developed by gaming would be analyzed in some depth. The surprising thing is that some or many of these skills are now thought to be useful in the business world.

The Harvard Business Review ran a list in the February 2008 issue of the Breakthrough Ideas for 2008. Among this list were articles entitled, 'The Gamer Disposition' and, 'Making Alternate Reality the New Business Reality.' (Here's the complete list.) So it was basically a surprise that geeky gaming has gone mainstream and is now considered conducive to good business. (And here's a further discussion.) On top of all this, a recent NY Times Op-Ed discussed how role-playing games help people to understand each other. I didn't think I got any of that from D&D.

Here's to D&D, and to Gary Gygax. It's amazing how it's gone from a sure sign of Satan worship to indicative of business competency.